Control system



R'. E. HELLMUND.

CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27. 1916.

1,393,442. I Patented th 11, 1921.;

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I AT TORNEY- R. E. HELLMUND.

CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 27. 1916.

1,393,442. Patented Oct. 11,1921. t. a SHEETS-$HEET 2. a 5 J ML A, l

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R. E. H ELLMUND.

CONTROL SYSTEM.

APRLICATIQN FILED SEPT. 27, 1916.

1,393,442, PatentedOct. 11, 1921.

"Si-h WITNESSES: INVENTOR RudolfEHel/mund WW ATTORNEY UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

BUDOLF n HELLMUND, or SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 wnsrmenousnELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING company, A CORPORATION or rmm- CONTROL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

Application filed September 27, 1916. Serial No. 122,375.

resident of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in ControlSystems, of which the following is a specification. V My inventionrelates to systems of control and particularly to systems of control forgoverning the operatlon of the propelling motors of electric vehicles.

One object of my invention provides a system of the above indicatedcharacter that shall effect the acceleration, of the motors containedtherein in an efficient and uniform manner. 7

Another object of my invention is to provide a control system of theabove indicated class wherein the usual accelerating resistance lossesare obviated to a material degree.

More specifically, my invention embodies a dynamotor, comprising fieldwindings and armature windings, which is connected across a supplycircuit and which is adapted to generateenergy for accelerating a numberof motors. Switches and circuit conneotions are provided for connectingthe motors in series and in parallel relation across the armaturewindings of the dynamotor and in various circuit relations across thesupply circuit. 1 y

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of asystem of control embodying my invention; Fig. 2'is a control chartillustrating the sequence of operation of the switches illustrated inFig. 1; Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a modification of my invention;Fig. 4 is a control chart illustrating the sequence of operation of theswitches illustrated in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a detail view of a switchthat'may be employed in the circuits illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3; Figs.6' to 11, inclusive, are diagrammatic views of the circuits formedthrough the motors of thesystem illustrated in Fig.

1; and Figs. 12 to 21, inclusive, are diagrammatic views of the circuitsformed through the motors of the system illustrated in Fig. 3. g

Refering to 1 ofYthe drawings, a dynamotor 1 comprising a field winding2 and armature windings 3"ai1d4, is adapted switch LS1.

conductor t, through the line switch to be connected across a supplycircuit comprising conductors t and g by means of a llne switch LS. Twomotors M1 and M2, respectively comprising armature windings A1 and A2and field windings F1 and F2, are adapted to be connected invariouscircuit relations across the armature windings 3 r i and 4 andacross the supply circuit by 'means of switches 5 to12,'inclusive. Aplurality of lights 13 of the electric vehicle are adapted to beconnected across the armature winding 4, and anaccelerating' resistor R1is provided to be connected in circuit with the motors M1 and M2.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings, a dynamotor 15 comprising a field winding 16and armature windings 17 and 18, is adapted to be conneoted across asupply circuit comprising conductors t1 and 91 by means ofa line Twomotors M3 and M4, respectively comprising armatures A3 and A4 and fieldwindings F3 and F4 are adapted to be connected in circuit with theresistors R2 and R3'across the armature windings 17 and 18 in variouscircuit relations by means of switches 19 to 31, inclusive.

It is believedthat a description of the main circuits illustrated inFigs. 1 and 3 in conjunction with the control charts illus trated inFigs. 2 and 4 and the circuit diagrams illustrated in F igs. 6 to 21,inclusive, will constitute a sufficient disclosure of my presentinvention. Accordingly, no governing systems with the usual controllersand interlock switches are illustrated.

Consideringthe system illustrated in Fig. 1 to be in the position shown,the acceleration of the motors M1 and M2 through positions a to is,inclusive, may be as follows: in position a, switches LS, 5 and 11 areoperated to connect the dyn'amotor 1 across the supply circuit and toconnect the motors M1 and M2 across the armature winding 4 of thedynamotor. The circuit through the dynamotor 1 may be traced from thesupplsy L field winding 2, armature winding 3, and armature winding 4 tothe ground conductor g. The circuit through the motors 'M1 and M2 may betraced from one terminal of i till 4;. The motors M1 and M2 are thusconnected in series across the armature winding 1, as is illustrated inFig. 6 of the drawings, and in position I), the switch 8 is operated toexclude the resistor R1 from the circuit of the motors M1 and M2, as isillustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 6 of the drawings.

In position 0, the switches 5, 8 and 11 are released and the switches 7and 9 are operated to complete a circuit through the motors M1 and M2,which may be traced from one terminal of the armature winding 3, throughswitch 9, motor M1, resistor R1, motor M2 and switch 7 to the otherterminal of the armature winding 3. The motors M1 and M2 are thusconnected in series with the resistor R1 across armature winding 3, asillustrated by the full lines in Fig. 7 of the drawings. In position d,the switch 8 is operated to exclude the resistor R1 from the circuit ofthe motors M1 and M2, as is illustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 7.The motors M1 and M2 are accelerated by the change from the positionacross armature winding 4 to the position across the armature winding 3,by reason of the arma ture winding 3 being wound so as to generate ahigher voltage than that generated by the armature winding l.

In position 6, the switches 7 and 8 are released and the switch 11 isoperated to connect the motors M1 and M2 in parallel with the armaturewindings 3 and 4t across the supply conductors t and g. The circuitthrough the motors M1 and M2 may be traced from the supply conductor 25,through the line switch LS, field winding 2, switch 9, motor 1, resistorR1, motor 2 and the switch 11 to the ground conductor g, as isillustrated by full lines in Fig. 8 of the drawings. In position 7, theswitch 8 is operated to exclude the resistor R1 from the circuit oi themotors M1 and M2, as is illustratei'l by the dotted lines in Fig. 8 ofthe drawings.

In'the accelerating position g, the switch 8 is released and the switch6 is operated to connect the motor M1 in series with the resistor Iilacross the armature winding 3 and to connect the motor M2 across thearn'iature winding 1, as is illustrated by the full lines in Fig. 9 ofthe drawings. In position It, the switch 8 is operated to exclude theresistor R1 "from the circuit of the motor M1, as is illustrated by thedotted lines in Fig. 9 of the drawings.

In position 71, the switch 11 is released and the switch 10 is operatedto connect the motors M1 and M2 in parallel across the armature winding3, as is illustrated in Fig. 10 of the drawings. In position j, theswitches 6 and 8 are released and the switch 12 is operated to connectthe motors M1 and M2 in parallel acrossthe armature windings 3 and '27is operated and l, the resistor R1 being included in thecir cuit of themotor M1, as is illustrated by the full lines in Fig. 11 of thedrawings. In position it, the switch 8 is operated to exclude theresistor R1 from the circuit ot the motor M1, as is illustrated by thedotted lines in Fig. 11 01 the drawings.

Thus the motors M1 and M2 are accelerated through eleven successivesteps and are connected in series, across the armature winding t of lowvoltage, in series across armature winding 3, which generates a current01'' higher voltage, in series across the line circuit, in seriesparallel relation with the armature windings 3 and 4. across the linecircuit, in parallel across the armature winding 3 and in parallelacross the line circuit.

Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings, the acceleration of the motors M3and M4; through positions a tos, inclusive, may be as follows: Inposition a, the dynamotor 15 is connected across the supply conductors Zand g by means of the switches LS1 and 30.

In position 7), the switch 31 is operated to exclude a portion ofthefield winding 1.6 from the circuitot the dynamotor, and in position0, the switch 30 is released and a circuit is completed through thedynamotor 15, as is illustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 12 oi? thedrawings. The circuit to the dynamotor may be traced from the supplyconductor t1, through the line switch LS1. switch 31, field winding 16,armature winding 17 and the armature Winding 18 to the ground conductor1.

The dynamotor 10 in Fig. 3 of the drawings is adapted to generatecurrents of unequal voltage by means of its armature windings 17 and 18.The armature winding 18 is adapted to generate a current having avoltage of 37 to 38 per cent. of the line voltage and the armaturewinding 17fis adapted to generate a. current having a voltage of 62 to63 per cent. of the full line voltage.

In position (if, the switches 20 and 29 a re operated to connect themotors M3 and Mt in series with the resistor across the armature winding18. The circuit through the motors M3 and M4 may be traced from oneterminal of the armature winding 18, throughthe switch 20, motor M3,motor M41. resistor R3 and the switch 29 to the other terminal of thearmature winding 18, as is diagrammatically: illustrated bythe fulllines inFig; 13 of the drawings. The voltage applied to the motors isthus somewhat less than one-quarter of the line voltage, since thevoltage of armature winding 18 is about 37% of the line voltage, and theresistor R3 consumes a certain portion of the operating voltage. Inposition 6, the switch in position f, the switch 29 is released toexclude the resistor R3 from the circuit of the motors and complete acircuit, as is illustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1310f thedrawings. The operating voltage is thus between one-quarter and onehalfof the line voltage; or in other words, the full voltage of the armaturewinding 18. In position g, the switch 28 is operated to complete acircuit through the motors M3 and M4, as is illustrated in Fig. 14 ofthe drawings.

In position it, the switch 27 is released to connect the motors M3 andM4 in series with the resistor R3 across the armature winding 17, as isillustrated by the full lines in Fig. 15 of the drawings. The circuitthrough the motors M3 and M4 may be traced from one terminal of thearmature winding 17 through the switch 28, resistor R3, motor M4, motorM3 and switch 20 to the other terminal of the armature winding 17. Thevoltage applied to the motors is thus about one-half of the linevoltage; namely, the 63% voltage of the armature winding 17 minus thevoltage consumed by the resistor R3. In position i, the switch 26 isoperated and in position j, the switch 28 is released to exclude aresistor R3 from the circuit of the motors M3 and M4, as is illustratedby the dotted lines in Fig. 15 of the drawings. The operating voltage atthis time is between one-half and full line voltage; that is to say, thefull 63% voltage of the armature winding 17.

In position is, the switch 22 is operated to connect the motors M3 andM4 across the armature winding 17 and the resistor R2 across thearmature winding 18, as is illustrated in Fig. 16 of the drawings.Inposition It, the armature winding 18 is shortcircuited by the resistorR2, but as this is a transition position, no material damage is effectedby reason of the short time the resistor R2 is connected across thearmature winding. In position l, the switch 20 is released and themotors are connected in parallel with the armature windings 17 and 18across the supply conductors t1 and 91 as illustrated in Fig. 17 of thedrawings. The circuit through the motors M3 and M4 may be traced fromthe supply conducor t1, through theline switch LS1, switch 31, fieldwinding 16, switch 26, motor M4, motor M3, switch 22 and the resistor R2to the ground conductor g1. In position m, the switch 23 is operated toexclude the resistor R2 from the circuit of the motors M3 and M4, as isillustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 17 of the drawings.

In position a, the switch 19 is operated to connect the motor M4 acrossthe armature winding 17 and the motor M3 across the armature winding 18,as is illustrated in Fig. 18 of the drawings. In position 0, theswitches 22 and 23 are released to exclude the motor M3 from circuit andto connect,

the Ipotor' M4 across the armature windin 1 11 position 1), the switch21 is operated and the two motors M3 and M4 are connected in parallelacross the armature winding 17, as is illustrated in Fig. 19 of thedrawings.

In position 9, the switch 24 is operated to connect the motor M4 acrossthe field winding 17 and the resistor R2 across the armature winding 18,as is illustrated in Fig. 20 of the drawings.

In position 7, the switch 19 is released and the motors M3 and M4 areconnected in parallel across the line circuit, the resistor R2 beingincluded in the circuit of the motor M3, as is illustrated by the fulllines in Fig. 21 of the drawings. In position 8, which is the finalrunning position, the resistor R2 is excluded from the circuit of themotor M3 by means of the switch 35 and a circuit is completed, as isillustrated by the dotted lines in Fig. 21 of the drawings. In this wayfull supply-circuit voltage is applied to the motors. r

I do not wish to be restricted to the specific circuit connections orarrangement of parts herein set forth, as various modifications thereofmay be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of myinvention. I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall beimposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, andmeans for generating difierent voltages lower than that of said supplycircuit, comprising a dynamo-electric machine having a plurality ofarmature windings, of a plurality of motors connected in seriesrelation, means for connecting said armature windings in parallelrelation to the respective motors and means for subsequently connectingthe motors in parallel relation. 2. In a system of control, thecombination with a supply circuit and a dynamoelectric machine providedwith two armature windings for supplying currents of different voltages,of a pair of motors.con-' nected in series relation, means forconnecting said armature windings in parallel rela tion to therespective motors, and means for subsequently connecting the motors inparallel relation across the higher-voltage armature winding. 1

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 22nd dayof Sept. 7

RU DOLF E. HELLMUN'D.

